Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.

Sony have just released a firmware update for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7 II cameras. This is a minor update with only one new feature being added which is the ability to alter the recorded ISO when shooting in the Cine-EI mode.

FS7: https://pro.sony/ue_US/support/software/pxw-fs7-software-v4-30

FS7 II: https://pro.sony/ue_US/support/software/pxw-fs7m2-v120

When the camera is set to CineEI, this new function is turned on and off in the menu under System – Base Settings – Rec/Out EI Applied.

What does it do?

When shooting normally using Cine EI, assuming that no LUT is applied to SDI1/Rec the camera always records at it’s base sensitivity (2000 ISO exposure rating) with no added gain. This is done to ensure that the cameras full dynamic range is always available and that the full recording range of either S-Log2 or S-Log3 is always available.

Then the EI system is used to apply a LUT just to the viewfinder or SDI 2 for monitoring. The gain of the LUT can then be changed to provide a brighter or darker viewfinder/monitor image. For example setting the EI to 1000 EI would make the viewfinder image darker than the base setting of 2000EI by 1 stop.

VF-side-by-side Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.
2000EI and 1000EI as seen in the viewfinder with NO exposure change (image from PMW-F5, but the FS7 is more or less the same).

Because you are viewing this darker image you would then open the cameras aperture by 1 stop to compensate. Opening the aperture up results in a brighter recording. A brighter recording, achieved by putting more light onto the sensor will have less noise than a darker exposure, so the end result is brighter recorded images with less noise.

This process is often referred to as “rating” the camera and it is in many cases preferable to “rate” the FS7 around a stop slower (Viewfinder is darker, less sensitive, so that means you end up opening up the aperture) than the base 2000 ISO rating to gain a cleaner image that typically gives much greater flexibility in post production. So many users will set the EI on an FS7 to 1000 or 800 (It’s no co-incidence that I find  get the sweet spot to be 800EI which happens to match the rating that Sony give the FS7 when shooting Rec-709).

Because in the normal EI mode there is no change to the cameras actual recording gain (the recordings take place at the equivalent of 2000 ISO) there is no change to the dynamic range. The camera will always capture 14 stops no matter what you set the EI to. However if you open the aperture by an extra stop (selecting 1000 EI, which results in a 1 stop darker viewfinder image, so to compensate you open up 1 stop) you move the mid point of the exposure up 1 stop. This means you will reduce the over exposure headroom by 1 stop but at the same time you gain one stop of under exposure range. You will see 1 stop further into the shadows, plus there will be less noise, so the shadow range becomes much more useable.

Conventional EI mode and Post Production.

In post production these brightly exposed images will need some degree of adjustment. If you are doing a virgin grade from scratch then you don’t really need to do anything extra or different, you will just grade it to taste.

300x250_xdcam_150dpi Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.

If you are using a LUT you will need to either use an exposure compensated LUT (I always provide these in any of my free LUT sets) or you will need to correct the exposure before applying the LUT. If you apply a standard LUT and then try to correct the exposure the results will often not be satisfactory as the LUT determines many things such as where any highlight roll-off occurs. Correcting after this can result in washed out of flat looking skin tones. So really you need to make the exposure correction to the material before it is passed to the LUT.

No loss of dynamic range with conventional EI.

It’s worth noting that even though the levels are reduced to “normal” levels when applying an exposure compensated LUT or through grading this should not reduce the dynamic range. You do not just shift the range down (which would hard clip the blacks and cause a loss of DR at the low end). What you are typically doing is reducing the gain to bring the levels down and this allows the information in the new extended shadow range to be retained, so nothing is lost and your footage will still have 14 stops of DR along with nice clean shadows and mid tones.

Is this all too difficult?

However, some people find that the need to correct the exposure prior to adding the LUT difficult or time consuming (I don’t know why, they just do. It takes  no longer to add a compensated LUT than a normal LUT). Or some people find it difficult to get a good looking image from  brightly exposed footage (probably because they are grading after the LUT has been applied). For these reasons Sony have added the ability to bake the EI change directly into the recording by shifting the gain of the recordings to match the selected EI.

Rec/Out EI Applied:

So now if you enable Rec/Out EI Applied any change you make to the cameras EI settings will now also be applied as a gain change to the recordings. If you set the EI to 1000, then the recordings will take place at 1000 ISO and not 2000 ISO. This means that you do not have to make any exposure corrections in post production, just apply a standard LUT.

You will loose some of your dynamic range:

The down side to this is that you are now changing the gain of the camera. Changing the gain away from 0dB will reduce the dynamic range and affect the recording range. So, for example if you wish to shoot at 1000 EI have Rec/Out EI Applied you will be recording with -6dB gain and an effective ISO of 1000. You will have 1 stop less of shadow range as the cameras effective sensitivity is being reduced by 1 stop but the sensors clip/overload point remains the same. So when you open the aperture to compensate for the lower sensitivity you will have the same shadow range as base, but loose one stop off the top. The images will have less noise, but there will be no additional shadow information and a reduction in highlight range by 1 stop, the DR will be 13 stops.

Another side effect of this is that the peak recording level is also reduced. This is because the cameras clipping point is determined by the sensor. This sensor clip point is normally mapped to the peak recording level and the cameras noise floor is mapped to the black level (you can’t see things that are darker than the sensors noise floor no matter what level of gain you use as the noise will always be higher than the object brightness).

Slide2-1 Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.If you reduce the gain of the signal this level must decrease as a result. This means that S-Log3 which normally gets to around ~94% will now only reach ~85%, the change to S-Log2 is even greater (S-Log3’s peak recording level will reduce by 8.9% for every stop down you go, S-Log2 will reduce by 12% for each stop you go down ).

Slide6-1 Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.

 

Raising the EI/ISO will also reduce the dynamic range as the gain is applied after the sensor. So the sensors clip point remains the same, so the brightest highlight it handles remains fixed. Adding gain after this simply means the recordings will clip earlier, but you will get a brighter mid range, brighter (but not more) shadows and a noisier picture.

Slide4-1 Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.

 

What happens in post with Rec/Out EI Applied?

In post production these range and peak level changes mean that while a standard LUT will result in a correct looking mid range (because middle grey and skin tones will be at “normal” levels) there may be some problems with highlights never reaching 100% in the case of a low EI/ISO. Or being excessively clipped in the case of a high EI/ISO.  Remember LUT’s are designed to work over very specific ranges. So if the input to the LUT doesn’t reach the peak level the LUT is expecting then the output from the LUT will also be reduced. So often there will still be the need to do some additional grading of highlights prior to the application of the LUT, or the need to use LUT’s designed specifically for each ISO rating (and the design of these LUT’s is more complex than a simple exposure offset).

Is it really easier?

So while this new feature will simplify the workflow for some situations where an alternate ISO/EI has been used – because exposure correction in post production won’t be needed. It may actually make things more difficult if you have bright highlights or need to be sure that your finished video meets expected standards where highlights are at 100%. You will still need to do some grading.

I don’t recommend that you use it.

Personally I do not recommend that you use this new feature. There are plenty of exposure compensated LUT’s available online (I have lots here). Tweaking the exposure of log footage in post production isn’t that difficult, especially if you use a color managed workflow. My guess is that this is aimed at FCP-X users where FCP-X applies a default LUT as standard. In this instance footage shoot with an offset exposure will look over/under exposed while footage shoot with the EI/ISO Applied will look normal (except for the highlights). So on the face of things the workflow may appear simpler. But you are loosing dynamic range and surely the primary reason for shooting with log is to maximise the dynamic range and gain the greatest possible post production flexibility.  This new feature reduces dynamic range and as a result reduces post production flexibility.

Of course just because I don’t recommend it’s use, it doesn’t mean that you can’t or shouldn’t use it if it works for you, just make sure you fully understand what it is doing.

20 thoughts on “Firmware 4.30/1.20 for the PXW-FS7 and PXW-FS7M2 Released. New ISO change in Cine-EI added.”

  1. Thanks Alistair, one would assume that the new system would benefit those choosing to “bake in” a look, where rating the camera at a lower Ei will in effect be WYSIWYG, and less risk of the double compensation scenario.

    1. But you have always been able to bake in a LUT and when you bake in the EI gain is included in the bake. This new mode doesn’t change anything in that regard. You have also always been able to bake in S-Log as a lut with the EI gain applied to the LUT, so it has always been possible to record Log at different gain levels in Cine EI, but I don’t think anyone did this.

  2. Thanks Alister, great analysis and very logic. A pity Sony added this feature, as you explained, complete useless. They have no other imagination for firmware upgrades for the FS7 ? Or is the FS7 so perfect it does not need any upgrades.

  3. So with CINE-EI Applied On, you can now actually adjust the gain, is that correct?

    I mean this feature decreases the electronic amplification to the sensor beneath what Sony has already determined is optimal? Am I reading this right?

    And yes, thank you for such a detailed analysis of this feature.

    1. You are changing the gain of the recorded image, this takes place after the sensor with this new mode.

  4. I think it’s awesome feature and I’ve been hoping they will release that!
    90% of the time it’s all good to record with 2000El and I always do that when shooting S-Log, but there are moments when you’re shooting in dark situations and 2000El just not enough to expose image in S-Log (it’s looks too noisy when you raise exposure in post). Having ability to bump ISO (Gain, EL) in those situations is priceless.
    Of course you can go to the settings and change to custom profile where you can change gain, but quite often you don’t have that luxury of spending time changing back and forth settings of the camera (it takes a while to do that on FS7). Plus it confuses editors when they’re using LUTs for color correction and there are some shots that are not in S-Log.

    I personally don’t care about exposure index for camera monitor, because I always use external EVF and Monitors with proper LUTs.

    1. Gain is gain. Whether you add it in post or add it in camera the difference isn’t huge. Neither method increases the cameras sensitivity, it just makes the picture brighter – and noisier.

      1. I’m wondering if an object is dark in a scene and it falls in lower 20% of S-Log and there is almost no information/texture recorded in those lower 20% of S-Log. If I add gain in camera and camera will record the same object but twice brighter, for example, all information will be between 20%-40% on that S-log scale, would it be it better for the image? Shouldn’t be there more information recorded? If you darken the image in post, you’ll just have more information to work with. I always do that trick with Sony FS5 and it works. The same dark scene recorded with 6400 ISO looks better than with base 2000 ISO.

    1. Only Sony know the answer to that. Somehow I doubt it. FS5 II already has a very similar colour science in it’s base setting. Much of the Venice look comes from the special s709 LUT that Sony created for the camera (remember it only shoots log or raw). So you still have the option to shoot log or raw with the FS5/FS7 and then add my Venice LUT’s.

  5. Is there any other benefit to upgrade the camera? For example, faster thumbnail index image loading, faster overall menu responsivity, or minimising sensor grid when strong light hit the lens?

  6. Hey Alister

    As I see from researching your articles on the FS7 you recommend switching from Slog3 to a picture profile in low light. At what point do you recommend to switch? How much do you push the 800EI until you change profiles?

    So far my practice has been to switch the profiles at the point i can not correctly expose 3200EI.

    Would appreciate your advice.
    Thanks.
    Mathias

    1. If you can’t expose the log correctly that’s when I will often (not always) switch to standard gammas as at least with standard gamma you know exactly what you are getting. Plus you are probably also talking about a restricted dynamic range in which case log is often not the best choice.

    1. How do you come to that conclusion? The Arri cameras also use EI and shift the EI, not the ISO (so a low EI means a brighter log recording that is then pulled back down by the LUT in post. There is no change to the DR when you shift the EI on an Arri, unlike changing ISO on the Sony.

  7. Alister, one should definitely shoot slog3 in cine EI at 2000 ISO… BUT what should one choose out of these when shooting low light situations that are bound to bring lot of noise in cine EI.
    a) Rec709(800) in custom mode and accept the colour mismatch

    Or

    b) slog3/s-gamut.cine3 in Cine EI with this firmware update at 1000 ISO …same space

    If the camera sensitivity is fixed then even at Rec709(800) it is getting compromised, no.

    In one of your posts you have clearly mentioned to use Rec709(800) in custom mode and be happy with less noise and slight colour mismatch

    But with this firmware we can have less noise and same colour space no?

    Isn’t this better as DR will be chopped off in both from the top 🙂

  8. Thanks for the explanation Alistair. I have recently added a 5 inch monitor via HDMI to my FS7 and have noticed when I change the camera’s EI (MLUT for SDI2/HDMI and Viewfinder on at REC709 800) with Rec/Out EI turned on, the waveform display levels on the FS7 monitor do not change, but they do on my 5 inch monitor, which is displaying the rec709 MLUT.

    I don’t plan to use both monitors at the same time, but it’s quite an easy thing to get caught out by. Is this an error with the firmware or have I misunderstood a step?

    Thanks.

    1. EI only changes the LUT, it doesn’t change the LOG, so if the waveform is measuring the log it won’t change while the LUT output will change.

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