国立国語研究所日本語教育研究・情報センター

第二言語習得研究には,学習者の言語データが不可欠である。「学習者の言語環境と日本語の習得過程に関する研究」のサブプロジェクトでは,日本語学習者の言語コーパス,C-JASを開発した。本稿は,C-JASの特徴とC-JASによって観察された動詞の発達について報告するものである。C-JASの特徴は,中国語母語話者3名,韓国語母語話者3名の3年間の縦断的発話コーパスであり,形態素タグと誤用タグが付与され,システム検索できる点にある。C-JASで動詞「思う」と「食べる」の時期ごとの初出形を分析した結果,日本人幼児の第一言語習得と類似した現象と異なった現象が観察された。前者では,動詞の基となる形(例「思う」)に新たな要素が付加され,新しい形(例「思うから」)が使われること,後者では初出形に日本人幼児は普通体,学習者は丁寧体が多く使用されることがわかった。また,動詞の発達段階で,学習者特有の「動詞普通体+です」(例「思ったです」)の中間言語形が出現し,「動詞普通体+んです」(例「思ったんです」)の過渡的段階の形式であると推測された。

In second language acquisition research, learners' language data are indispensable. In the sub-project "Research on the acquisition of Japanese as a second language in different learning environments," we developed a learners' language corpus called C-JAS. This report describes the nature of C-JAS and the acquisition patterns of Japanese verbs as observed in C-JAS. The unique feature of C-In second language acquisition research, learners' language data are indispensable. In the sub-project "Research on the acquisition of Japanese as a second language in different learning environments," we developed a learners' language corpus called C-JAS. This report describes the nature of C-JAS and the acquisition patterns of Japanese verbs as observed in C-JAS. The unique feature of C-JAS is a longitudinal spoken corpus of three native speakers of Chinese and three native speakers of Korean, which has been tagged for morphological information and for learner errors, and which allows systematic searching. A C-JAS survey of the first appearances of the verbs omou 'think' and taberu 'eat' has revealed that there are phenomena both similar to and different from the patterns of first language acquisition. Deriving a new form (e.g. omou kara 'because (I) think') based on an earlier form (e.g. omou 'think') is common to both first and second language acquisition, whereas plain verb forms characterize Japanese children's verbs in their first appearances in contrast to the polite forms seen in learners' verbs. In the development of verb acquisition, a unique learners' interlanguage form "plain verb + desu" (e.g. omotta desu 'thought COP (POLITE)') appears, which seems to be a transitional form for "plain verb + n desu"(e.g. omotta-n desu 'it is the case that (I) thought so').

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