Researchers Find Pasture Land Is Great for Solar Panels

The term “agrivoltaics” refers to an agricultural system that shares space with solar panels. One concern about such a system is that solar panels, being still relatively inefficient, require lots and lots of space. If that space is taken up with solar panels, how can it also be used for agriculture? However, a new study out of Oregon State University finds that pasture land could be ideal, creating minimal losses in yield while providing lots of renewable energy. 

The study examined sheep pastures in Oregon over two years, measuring their efficiency both with and without solar panels installed. The key to measuring this kind of efficiency is that there are all kinds of different metrics to use, which all contribute to a holistic understanding of benefits and drawbacks. 

At its absolute most basic, the return from grazing without solar panels came in at $1,046 per acre, while the land with solar panels returned $1,029 per acre. That’s close enough to be essentially equivalent. But that figure does not include the financial benefits of the electricity produced by the panels, which can be either used to reduce a rancher’s cost of operation or sold back to the electric grid at a profit. Of course, it also doesn’t include the cost of installing or maintaining the panels, which is more of a short-term expense.

But there are more in-depth metrics than just dollars earned per acre. Lambs gained about the same amount of weight at the same rate regardless of the presence of solar panels, but in late spring, the sheep in the solar-paneled pastures required significantly less water. 

There’s also the issue of quantity versus quality of the forage plant material grown in the pastures. The solar-paneled pastures produced 38 percent less forage, owing to the increased amount of shade. But there was about twice as much legume content in the forage of the solar-paneled pasture than in the non-paneled pasture. In fact, the overall nutrition makeup of the forage in the solar-paneled pasture was significantly elevated over the non-paneled pasture. There may have been less food, but it was much higher quality, which promotes quicker growth.

There are other benefits, too. Solar panels provide shade for the sheep to stand under, which reduces the need to build shade-providing structures and probably has something to do with the sheep’s reduced need for water in the study. And, of course, the area under the panels doesn’t need to be mowed or maintained in the same way that open pasture land does, and any reduction in work can be an increase in profit for a rancher or farmer.

Agrivoltaics won’t necessarily work for every agricultural situation, but it seems clear that, in this particular case, solar panels can happily—and profitably—coexist with livestock.