Bone cancer

There are two main types of bone cancer that can affect young people – osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.

Both are rare and usually affect large bones like the thigh bone and the shin bone, but can also affect other bones.

Osteosarcoma starts in the cells that make your bones grow.

Ewing sarcoma causes a tumour to grow in your bones or in the soft tissue around your bones.

The main sign of bone cancer is pain in a bone (but having bone pain doesn’t mean you have cancer).

The area usually feels tender at first. Then the pain becomes an ache that doesn’t go away. You might feel a lump too.

X-rays and scans are the usual tests done to find signs of bone cancer. But the best way to know if bone cancer is causing the problem is with a biopsy – taking and testing a small bit of bone tissue and then looking carefully at the cells under a microscope for signs of cancer.

This will either be done under a local anaesthetic (where the area is numbed) or a general anaesthetic (where you’re given drugs to make you sleep). Which anaesthetic they use will depend on the type of biopsy they do.

Depending on the type of bone cancer that you have, doctors might recommend chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery – or a combination of these.

It may be that the bone will need to be removed after chemotherapy. If this happens, it can sometimes be replaced with a bone graft or a metal implant.

In some rare cases, amputation might be needed to treat bone cancer, but new techniques mean this happens less and less.

Your doctor and care team will talk to you about what treatments might be offered to you. If you have any worries or questions, you can always ask.