HAPPY BIRTHDAY JOHN BROWN

(This is week 2 of WBAI's Spring Fundraising drive. Some great premiums such as the 1350 hour pacifica archive jump drive will be offered in the 2nd half of the program.)

Live On The Fly's ongoing series Julian Assange Countdown To Freedom continues with its 4th installment 

Guests:

Coleen Rowley

It takes courage to risk one’s career and reputation by becoming a whistleblower, defined as “a person who informs on someone engaged in an illicit activity.” For retired FBI agent Coleen Rowley, remaining quiet after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001was not an option. Time Magazine named her Person of the Year in 2002, along with fellow whistleblowers Cynthia Cooper of WorldCom and Sherron Watkins of Enron.

Rowley grew up and was educated in Iowa, with a degree in French from Wartburg College and a Juris Doctor from the University of Iowa. In 1981, Rowley became a Special Agent for the FBI and worked in several offices, including those in Nebraska, Mississippi, New York, France and Montreal. 

In 1990 she went to Minneapolis as Chief Division Council, and it was there that her office received word about suspected terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui. In a 2010 radio interview, Rowley described how in mid-August of 2001, her office was contacted by some flight instructors, concerned because Moussaoui had paid for flight lessons with large amounts of cash. Already deemed a potential terrorist threat, Moussauoi remained in custody due to a lapsed visa as Rowley´s team, collaborating with the French Intelligence Service, confirmed within days his connections to radical fundamentalist Islamic groups and to Osama bin Laden. Even with this knowledge, the FBI denied Rowley a warrant to search Moussaoui’s computer for information until the day of the attacks.

Rowley believed that a lack of cooperation between intelligence agencies tied her team’s hands when they tried to obtain a probable cause warrant for Moussaoui´s computer less than a month before the 9/11 attacks.

In 2002, Rowley wrote a memo to FBI Director Robert Mueller, detailing the mishandling of the intelligence her office had gathered, and later that year testified before the Senate.

In the memo to Mueller, she describes the inaction of the FBI: “To say, then, as has been iterated numerous times, that probable cause did not exist until after the disastrous event occurred, is really to acknowledge that the missing piece of probable cause was only the FBI’s failure to appreciate that such an event could occur. The probable cause did not otherwise improve or change….The problem with chalking this all up to a ´20-20 hindsight is perfect´ problem…is that this is not a case of everyone in the FBI failing to appreciate the potential consequences. It is obvious, from my firsthand knowledge of the events and the detailed documentation that exists, that the agents in Minneapolis who were closest to the action and in the best position to gauge the situation locally, did fully appreciate the terrorist risk/danger posed by Moussaoui and his possible co-conspirators even prior to September 11th.”

A year after testifying, Rowley went back to being a Special Agent, and retired in 2004. She made an unsuccessful bid for Congress in 2006, and is now a public speaker, writer, and blogger on The Huffington Post, stressing the need to strike a balance between giving intelligence agencies the ability to conduct rigorous investigations of dangerous individuals, and protecting the civil liberties of the public. 

William Binney

William Binney was once the man who designed the National Security Agency’s automated surveillance systems. But he left the NSA in 2001, when he discovered his employer had started spying on civilians.

Binney didn’t just resign his senior post, though. He turned whistleblower on the NSA’s “unconstitutional” practices. And he’s been one of its most vocal critics ever since. 

Binney grew up in a rural part of the US state of Pennsylvania. But he was no country boy, and completed his mathematics degree at Pennsylvania State University. 

After college, Binney made the calculated decision to volunteer for the Army. It was during the Vietnam War and if he didn’t volunteer, he would have been drafted. As a volunteer, Binney got to take his pick of the work that interested him. And being a mathematician, he naturally chose analysis and code-breaking. Binney served in the Army Security Agency from 1965 to 1969. 

It was ideal preparation for the NSA, which he joined in 1970. Binney rose through the NSA ranks quickly. One colleague described him as “one of the best analysts in history.” And by the time Binney quit the organization in disgust 31 years later, he had become its Technical Leader for Intelligence.

The problems started when the NSA was choosing its new system for signals intelligence in 2001. Binney and his colleagues had developed a system called ‘ThinThread.’ The in-house system was proven to collect “actionable intelligence” . But instead of using ThinThread, the NSA signed a multi-billion dollar contract for a system called Trailblazer. It was “the largest failure in NSA history” and was canceled in 2006.

Trailblazer was implemented just weeks before the September 11 World Trade Center attacks. Its failures left the NSA with no way to analyze the foreign signal intelligence flowing around the internet at that time. Binney has claimed that if ThinThread had been chosen instead, it could have prevented 9/11by intercepting key intelligence. 

After 9/11, the NSA launched another new surveillance program called Stellar Wind. It used elements of ThinThread to set up wiretapping rooms, which gave it access to most of America’s phone and internet traffic. The NSA then started to ignore the requirement to get a warrant before conducting surveillance on American citizens. 

That made Stellar Wind unconstitutional, according to Binney.“They violated the Constitution setting it up, but they didn’t care. They were going to do it anyway, and they were going to crucify anyone who stood in the way. When they started violating the Constitution, I couldn’t stay.”

Binney and his colleague J. Kirk Wiebe blew the whistle on Trailblazer’s costly failings. Instead of going to the press, Binney and Wiebe used the proper channels to inform US Congress and the Department of Defense about what happened. 

Nobody at the NSA was held accountable for Trailblazer. But Binney and Wiebe suffered harsh retribution for trying to repair the damage. Binney left the NSA in 2001, after the Stellar Wind program started using his technology to spy on civilians. Then, in 2005, the New York Times published an article that exposed Stellar Wind as a warrantless eavesdropping program. Somebody in the US Government thought there was a connection, and the FBI carried out an armed raid on Binney’s home. 

“They came up and pointed guns at my family and me as I was getting out of the shower,” said Binney. “The whole idea was retribution for our complaint against the NSA for corruption, fraud, waste, and abuse. That was the reason they raided us… We were a clear demonstration that official channels didn't work. ”

Whistleblowing through the proper channels hadn’t worked out for Binney. So he began to speak publicly about NSA mass surveillance: “That's the reason I've been coming out publicly-because where I see it going is toward a totalitarian state. I mean you've got the NSA doing all this collection of material on all of its citizens. That's what the SS, the Gestapo, the Stasi did.”

Binney has since made many high-profile appearances in which he shares his NSA experiences. Binney testified in the German Government’s NSA inquiry,describing his former employer as wanting "total information control" over citizens. 

Binney also featured in the Oscar-winning documentary Citizenfour, and was the subject of the 2015 documentary A Good American. In the film, Binney re-states his claim that under better management the NSA could have prevented 9/11.

William Binney spent 30 years as the NSA’s top technical guy. He did more than prove himself as a crypto-science genius. He showed respect for the privacy of ordinary people, too. And he tried to do the right thing when bad NSA management wasted billions of American taxpayer dollars - by blowing the whistle through official channels. 

Whistleblowing didn’t work out for Binney, though. The NSA ignored its mistakes, and the FBI literally put a gun to his head. But he continues to bebrave enough stand up for his beliefs, risking his own safety to speak publicly about NSA mass surveillance. 
It’s unfortunate Binney couldn’t set the NSA back on the right path. But we’re glad he’s still fighting to protect our rights and freedoms.