clock menu more-arrow no yes mobile
San Francisco’s Coca-Cola billboard used to be one of several Coca-Cola spectaculars that dotted the state.
Jim Maurer via Creative Commons

The neon sign maker that lit up California

Electrical Products Corp. dominated the West Coast sign industry, then it disappeared. This map documents some of its last remaining signs

View as Map
San Francisco’s Coca-Cola billboard used to be one of several Coca-Cola spectaculars that dotted the state.
| Jim Maurer via Creative Commons

At one time, there were thousands of signs dotting California with labels reading Electrical Products Corporation.

From the 1920s to the early 1960s, Electrical Products Corp., also known as EPCO, was the largest electric sign maker on the West Coast. Some of the most memorable and beloved signs can trace their origins to this California company.

Electrical Products Corp. was established in Los Angeles in 1912. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of electric signs, for lease and for sale. Business was good. By 1920, according to the Journal of Electricity, the company had a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility, with more than 17,000 square feet of floor space. Operating in an assembly line fashion, the Electrical Products Los Angeles plant maintained a 24/7 production schedule.

The earliest electric signs were illuminated by incandescent bulbs. By the mid-1930s, however, the preferred technology for electric sign displays was neon.

Invented in 1902 by Georges Claude of France, the first neon lamp combined electricity and neon gas in a sealed glass tube. Neon was introduced commercially in the United States in 1923. In a brilliant business move, Electrical Products Corporation obtained the rights to the Claude neon patents, well-positioning the company to become a sign industry giant.

It was not long before the EPCO Los Angeles plant could not keep up with demand. In 1926, the company expanded its California presence by taking over the National Electric Sign Company’s outpost in Oakland. More California branches would come, including San Francisco, San Jose, and Sacramento.

In 1948, EPCO Headquarters would move into a new 80,000 square foot facility at 1100 North Main Street in Los Angeles, Signs of the Times magazine reported that year. The company would also expand into markets outside of California, including Denver, Portland, Seattle, and Phoenix.

In 1962, EPCO merged into Federal Sign out of Chicago. Within a year following the merger, most of the EPCO branding had vanished. Project files were discarded. Labels were pulled off signs or replaced with Federal labels. A company, once a powerhouse in the U.S. sign industry, had, poof, disappeared.

1965 marked a pivotal year for the U.S. sign industry. It was the year that Ladybird Johnson’s Highway Beautification Act passed. Cities across the nation launched “Scrap Old Signs” (SOS) initiatives. Countless signs were destroyed in a quest to clean up the “visual clutter” that came to be associated with outdoor advertising.

The vast majority of U.S. signs fabricated in the first half of the 20th century are gone forever. Historic signs that remain today are not only cultural place markers, they are rare survivors. And the public is starting to recognize their significance. Today, the acronym “SOS” has been revised to “Save Our Signs” as cities across the United States work to preserve their historic signs.

Related:

Editor’s note: Neon and vintage sign enthusiasts might consider attending the Neon Speaks Festival and Symposium April 26 to 28 in San Francisco, where this story’s author, Heather David, is scheduled to deliver a presentation on EPCO.

Read More
Eater maps are curated by editors and aim to reflect a diversity of neighborhoods, cuisines, and prices. Learn more about our editorial process.

Litchfield’s (1949)

Copy Link

In the 1950s, Litchfield’s Bermuda Palms was “the place to see and be seen” in the North San Francisco Bay. Promoted as “California’s Las Vegas,” big bands played there and Hollywood celebrities stayed there. It was important that the sign be as grand as its associated business. Not surprisingly, the Litchfield’s sign measures a whopping 46 by 8 feet, and features 1,500 scintillating bulbs. By the 1990s, the sounds of music playing and pool splashing had long faded into history. The once notable venue was on its way to becoming a rather forgettable Days Inn. In 2010, the Litchfield’s sign was beautifully restored by Neon Works of Oakland, thanks to funding from Perry Litchfield. And today, there’s still a little bit of Vegas left in San Rafael.  

Courtesy of Skip Moore

Coca-Cola Billboard (1937)

Copy Link

San Francisco’s Coca-Cola billboard used to be one of several Coca-Cola spectaculars that dotted the state. Electrical Products Corp. manufactured and installed the South of Market sign in 1937. In the 1950s, the billboard looked a bit different. A banner at the top encouraged viewers to “Have a Coke” and there was a timed messaging sequence incorporated into the scaffolding below the main bulletin. Viewers were encouraged to “pause…refresh,” “drink Coca-Cola,” and perhaps go sailing? (a trio of neon sailboats appeared in one scene). In 2010, the 70 by 30 foot sign was stripped of its neon and retrofitted with LEDs—a change praised by some, cursed by others.

Heather David

C and H Pure Cane Sugar (1956)

Copy Link

At 180 by 50 feet, it was the largest illuminated advertising display to be erected in Northern California in the year 1956. The C and the H letters, representing the states California and Hawaii respectively, are each 24 feet in height and filled with bulbs. In 2015, the 900 incandescent bulbs were swapped out for LEDs. The C and H sign also used to be animated. In 2017, Hawaii’s last sugar mill closed, marking an end to the “H” in the California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Corp. But the sign still glows at night and the refinery still operates, processing sugar from other locations.

By Todd A. Merport / Shutterstock

Paramount Theatre (1931)

Copy Link

When it opened in late 1931, Oakland’s impressive Paramount Theatre was the largest show palace on the West Coast, according to Theatres of Oakland. The building, a celebration of Art Deco design, was the work of San Francisco architect Timothy L. Pflueger. The Paramount’s neon vertical was fabricated by Electrical Products Corp. Reportedly, the sign features one mile of neon tubing. It is flanked by two gorgeous mosaics.   

By Thomas Hawk via Creative Commons

Holiday Bowl (1958)

Copy Link

Hayward’s Holiday Bowl opened in 1958. The center, designed by the architect Robert L. Lustig, had 40 automatic lanes, a full-service restaurant called the “Bashful Bull,” a cocktail lounge, pro shop, nursery, and beauty salon. In 1965, the Holiday House banquet room was added—the site of Ronald Reagan’s gubernatorial campaign kick-off celebration. After a commendable run of 47 years, the 100,000 square foot Holiday Bowl closed in 2005 to make way for new development. The Holiday Bowl sign featuring the Bashful Bull was designed by Electrical Products Corp. Look for the EPCO label between the “A” and the “U” under the word “restaurant.”   

Courtesy of Devil Doll

Milk Farm

Copy Link

Following its completion in 1963, it was said to be the tallest standalone highway sign in the country. This was according to Harold Blanc, Manager of Electrical Products Corp., and 35 year veteran of the sign industry. From base to top, the Milk Farm sign in Dixon reportedly spans an impressive 100 feet. Although there was some serious competition for the sign’s design (a competitor was Ad Art), Electrical Products Corp. won the bid and the restaurant (which no longer exists) ended up with an eye-popping advertisement that could be seen from miles away. In the 1960s, the Milk Farm sign was beautifully lit at night and the cow on top would spin. The sign has been dark and static for years, but its great design stands the test of time. 

By Heather David

Tower Records “Dancing Kids” (1949)

Copy Link

In the late 1940s, the seeds for the legendary Tower Records were sown in the back of a Sacramento drug store. There, alongside aspirin, lipstick, and chewing gum, a young Russ Solomon peddled 78s to enthusiastic customers. A good number of those patrons were teens so it was only fitting that a sign be designed to appeal to their tastes. In 1949, Electrical Products Corporation was hired to bring the concept of the “Dancing Kids” to life. Alas, Tower Records is no more (in the U.S., at least) but lucky for us, the Tower dancers are still shuffling.    

Courtesy of Tom Spaulding

Gunther’s Ice Cream (1949)   

Copy Link

Gunther’s is like a fully loaded ice cream sundae, one of Sacramento’s sweetest treats. It is debatable what is cooler on a hot day: the delicious ice cream or Gunther’s fantastic neon sign. Designed by Electrical Products Corporation, the 9 by 12 foot animated spectacular went up in 1949 and features a man, fondly known as “Juggling Joe,” adeptly tossing a scoop into a cone. When the sun goes down, layers of neon tubing put Joe to work.    

Courtesy of Tom Spaulding

Western Appliance (1962)

Copy Link

San Jose’s Western Appliance sign stands regally on West San Carlos Street, once a major artery to and from the city’s downtown. In the 1960s, city sign ordinances restricted the construction of a rooftop sign, so the legs of the sign pierce the roof and go straight through the store. There used to be three blinking balls adorning the sign’s spires but the orbs were removed when they proved to be a distraction to airplanes. When the sign was first erected, it proudly displayed an Electrical Products Corp. label. The label, however, was removed when the company branding switched to Federal. “I removed the EPCO letters and installed [the Federal Sign and Signal] in April 1963,” the company’s former superintendent Dennis “Denny” Livengood tells Curbed.

By Jeff via Creative Commons

Stephen’s Meat Products (1950s)

Copy Link

The dapper dancing pig of the former Stephen’s Meat Products in San Jose has been holding his ground for more than half a century. His porcelain enamel sign, with its Electrical Products Corporation label intact, once advertised “California’s Most Modern Sausage Kitchen.” For several years, however, Mr. Piggy’s dance card has been empty and he stands a wallflower. Perhaps the most beloved sign in San Jose, efforts are underway to restore the Stephen’s sign to its former animated glory.     

By Heather David

Hollywood Sign

Copy Link

Perhaps the most well known sign in the state of California. Indeed, world famous. A prop in countless selfies. While LA’s 45-foot tall Hollywood Sign, designed by Electrical Products Corp., is most often associated with movie stars, glamour, and glitz, its original purpose was to advertise a housing development. The sign originally read Hollywoodland and its letters were illuminated by some 4,000 incandescent bulbs. One of the best locations to view the Hollywood Sign is at 3000 Canyon Lake Drive in Hollywood.  

By Sean Pavone / Shutterstock

El Rancho Motel (1947)

Copy Link

Before Barstow became a stopover for roadside travelers along Route 66, it was a railroad town. The Western-themed El Rancho Motel, in fact, was built using old railroad ties. In the 1950s, the El Rancho offered weary travelers a dose of “True Western Hospitality” which included air conditioning, complimentary TV, and a heated swimming pool. One of a series of motels along the town’s main artery, the El Rancho had a not-so-secret advertising weapon—its towering neon scaffold sign. The words “El Rancho” appear three times, making the business near impossible to miss. The sign was built by Electrical Products Corp. and erected around 1947, according to Signs of the Times. 

By Thomas Hawk via Creative Commons

Cinegrill (circa 1952)

Copy Link

In the mid-1930s, the Cinegrill Supper Club opened in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. With live performances and dancing, it would become one of Hollywood’s most popular night spots. In the early 1950s, someone must have noticed that the Cinegrill’s signage did not live up to its associated marketing. Advertised as “glamorous,” “world famous,” and “the home of the stars,” Cinegrill’s sign was nice enough, but rather forgettable, by Hollywood standards.

Enter Electrical Products Corp. of Los Angeles. Around 1952, the Cinegrill sign received the star treatment with a bulletin spectacular framed by three animated shooting stars and 46 smaller scintillating stars. The neon starburst spans 27 by 10 feet, according to Signs of the Times. Today’s version of the sign incorporates an LED screen but the starbursts, thankfully, have survived.

By Celeste Lindell via Creative Commons

Broadway Hollywood (1931)

Copy Link

In 1931, the Dyas Emporium on the corner of Hollywood and Vine closed its doors, a victim of the Great Depression. Arthur Letts, owner of The Broadway Department Store, saw a golden opportunity to expand. Letts bought the building, refurbished it, and opened the Broadway Hollywood. He installed two neon rooftop signs, built by Electrical Products Corp. The Broadway Hollywood closed in the 1980s and its sign fell dark. For years, the building’s fate hung in limbo. But in 2005, the Broadway Hollywood was resurrected as a residential high-rise, and today, one of its signs still glows.

Courtesy of Corey Miller

Earl Carroll Theatre (reproduction, 1993)

Copy Link

Hollywood’s Earl Carroll Theatre opened on Sunset Boulevard in December 1938. Promoted as “the most distinctive theater in the world,” the venue offered fine dining, nightly dancing, and opulent stage productions featuring “the most beautiful girls in the world.” To ensure that patrons knew what they were in for, Carroll invested in a number of neon signs by Electrical Products Corp., including a 20-foot portrait of his lady friend Beryl Wallace.

Wallace and Carroll died in 1948, victims in an airplane crash. Wallace’s neon likeness survived for 20 more years before itself falling victim to a building remodel. In 1993, in a tribute to what was once one of Hollywood’s most famous supper clubs, the Museum of Neon Art recreated the Beryl Wallace sign. The reproduction was designed by Richard Jenkins and Lili Lakich of MONA and fabricated by YESCO. Today, the sign is on display, with several other vintage neon signs, at Universal CityWalk.   

Courtesy of Mark Peacock

Loading comments...

Litchfield’s (1949)

In the 1950s, Litchfield’s Bermuda Palms was “the place to see and be seen” in the North San Francisco Bay. Promoted as “California’s Las Vegas,” big bands played there and Hollywood celebrities stayed there. It was important that the sign be as grand as its associated business. Not surprisingly, the Litchfield’s sign measures a whopping 46 by 8 feet, and features 1,500 scintillating bulbs. By the 1990s, the sounds of music playing and pool splashing had long faded into history. The once notable venue was on its way to becoming a rather forgettable Days Inn. In 2010, the Litchfield’s sign was beautifully restored by Neon Works of Oakland, thanks to funding from Perry Litchfield. And today, there’s still a little bit of Vegas left in San Rafael.  

Courtesy of Skip Moore

Coca-Cola Billboard (1937)

San Francisco’s Coca-Cola billboard used to be one of several Coca-Cola spectaculars that dotted the state. Electrical Products Corp. manufactured and installed the South of Market sign in 1937. In the 1950s, the billboard looked a bit different. A banner at the top encouraged viewers to “Have a Coke” and there was a timed messaging sequence incorporated into the scaffolding below the main bulletin. Viewers were encouraged to “pause…refresh,” “drink Coca-Cola,” and perhaps go sailing? (a trio of neon sailboats appeared in one scene). In 2010, the 70 by 30 foot sign was stripped of its neon and retrofitted with LEDs—a change praised by some, cursed by others.

Heather David

C and H Pure Cane Sugar (1956)

At 180 by 50 feet, it was the largest illuminated advertising display to be erected in Northern California in the year 1956. The C and the H letters, representing the states California and Hawaii respectively, are each 24 feet in height and filled with bulbs. In 2015, the 900 incandescent bulbs were swapped out for LEDs. The C and H sign also used to be animated. In 2017, Hawaii’s last sugar mill closed, marking an end to the “H” in the California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Corp. But the sign still glows at night and the refinery still operates, processing sugar from other locations.

By Todd A. Merport / Shutterstock

Paramount Theatre (1931)

When it opened in late 1931, Oakland’s impressive Paramount Theatre was the largest show palace on the West Coast, according to Theatres of Oakland. The building, a celebration of Art Deco design, was the work of San Francisco architect Timothy L. Pflueger. The Paramount’s neon vertical was fabricated by Electrical Products Corp. Reportedly, the sign features one mile of neon tubing. It is flanked by two gorgeous mosaics.   

By Thomas Hawk via Creative Commons

Holiday Bowl (1958)

Hayward’s Holiday Bowl opened in 1958. The center, designed by the architect Robert L. Lustig, had 40 automatic lanes, a full-service restaurant called the “Bashful Bull,” a cocktail lounge, pro shop, nursery, and beauty salon. In 1965, the Holiday House banquet room was added—the site of Ronald Reagan’s gubernatorial campaign kick-off celebration. After a commendable run of 47 years, the 100,000 square foot Holiday Bowl closed in 2005 to make way for new development. The Holiday Bowl sign featuring the Bashful Bull was designed by Electrical Products Corp. Look for the EPCO label between the “A” and the “U” under the word “restaurant.”   

Courtesy of Devil Doll

Milk Farm

Following its completion in 1963, it was said to be the tallest standalone highway sign in the country. This was according to Harold Blanc, Manager of Electrical Products Corp., and 35 year veteran of the sign industry. From base to top, the Milk Farm sign in Dixon reportedly spans an impressive 100 feet. Although there was some serious competition for the sign’s design (a competitor was Ad Art), Electrical Products Corp. won the bid and the restaurant (which no longer exists) ended up with an eye-popping advertisement that could be seen from miles away. In the 1960s, the Milk Farm sign was beautifully lit at night and the cow on top would spin. The sign has been dark and static for years, but its great design stands the test of time. 

By Heather David

Tower Records “Dancing Kids” (1949)

In the late 1940s, the seeds for the legendary Tower Records were sown in the back of a Sacramento drug store. There, alongside aspirin, lipstick, and chewing gum, a young Russ Solomon peddled 78s to enthusiastic customers. A good number of those patrons were teens so it was only fitting that a sign be designed to appeal to their tastes. In 1949, Electrical Products Corporation was hired to bring the concept of the “Dancing Kids” to life. Alas, Tower Records is no more (in the U.S., at least) but lucky for us, the Tower dancers are still shuffling.    

Courtesy of Tom Spaulding

Gunther’s Ice Cream (1949)   

Gunther’s is like a fully loaded ice cream sundae, one of Sacramento’s sweetest treats. It is debatable what is cooler on a hot day: the delicious ice cream or Gunther’s fantastic neon sign. Designed by Electrical Products Corporation, the 9 by 12 foot animated spectacular went up in 1949 and features a man, fondly known as “Juggling Joe,” adeptly tossing a scoop into a cone. When the sun goes down, layers of neon tubing put Joe to work.    

Courtesy of Tom Spaulding

Western Appliance (1962)

San Jose’s Western Appliance sign stands regally on West San Carlos Street, once a major artery to and from the city’s downtown. In the 1960s, city sign ordinances restricted the construction of a rooftop sign, so the legs of the sign pierce the roof and go straight through the store. There used to be three blinking balls adorning the sign’s spires but the orbs were removed when they proved to be a distraction to airplanes. When the sign was first erected, it proudly displayed an Electrical Products Corp. label. The label, however, was removed when the company branding switched to Federal. “I removed the EPCO letters and installed [the Federal Sign and Signal] in April 1963,” the company’s former superintendent Dennis “Denny” Livengood tells Curbed.

By Jeff via Creative Commons

Stephen’s Meat Products (1950s)

The dapper dancing pig of the former Stephen’s Meat Products in San Jose has been holding his ground for more than half a century. His porcelain enamel sign, with its Electrical Products Corporation label intact, once advertised “California’s Most Modern Sausage Kitchen.” For several years, however, Mr. Piggy’s dance card has been empty and he stands a wallflower. Perhaps the most beloved sign in San Jose, efforts are underway to restore the Stephen’s sign to its former animated glory.     

By Heather David

Hollywood Sign

Perhaps the most well known sign in the state of California. Indeed, world famous. A prop in countless selfies. While LA’s 45-foot tall Hollywood Sign, designed by Electrical Products Corp., is most often associated with movie stars, glamour, and glitz, its original purpose was to advertise a housing development. The sign originally read Hollywoodland and its letters were illuminated by some 4,000 incandescent bulbs. One of the best locations to view the Hollywood Sign is at 3000 Canyon Lake Drive in Hollywood.  

By Sean Pavone / Shutterstock

El Rancho Motel (1947)

Before Barstow became a stopover for roadside travelers along Route 66, it was a railroad town. The Western-themed El Rancho Motel, in fact, was built using old railroad ties. In the 1950s, the El Rancho offered weary travelers a dose of “True Western Hospitality” which included air conditioning, complimentary TV, and a heated swimming pool. One of a series of motels along the town’s main artery, the El Rancho had a not-so-secret advertising weapon—its towering neon scaffold sign. The words “El Rancho” appear three times, making the business near impossible to miss. The sign was built by Electrical Products Corp. and erected around 1947, according to Signs of the Times. 

By Thomas Hawk via Creative Commons

Cinegrill (circa 1952)

In the mid-1930s, the Cinegrill Supper Club opened in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. With live performances and dancing, it would become one of Hollywood’s most popular night spots. In the early 1950s, someone must have noticed that the Cinegrill’s signage did not live up to its associated marketing. Advertised as “glamorous,” “world famous,” and “the home of the stars,” Cinegrill’s sign was nice enough, but rather forgettable, by Hollywood standards.

Enter Electrical Products Corp. of Los Angeles. Around 1952, the Cinegrill sign received the star treatment with a bulletin spectacular framed by three animated shooting stars and 46 smaller scintillating stars. The neon starburst spans 27 by 10 feet, according to Signs of the Times. Today’s version of the sign incorporates an LED screen but the starbursts, thankfully, have survived.

By Celeste Lindell via Creative Commons

Broadway Hollywood (1931)

In 1931, the Dyas Emporium on the corner of Hollywood and Vine closed its doors, a victim of the Great Depression. Arthur Letts, owner of The Broadway Department Store, saw a golden opportunity to expand. Letts bought the building, refurbished it, and opened the Broadway Hollywood. He installed two neon rooftop signs, built by Electrical Products Corp. The Broadway Hollywood closed in the 1980s and its sign fell dark. For years, the building’s fate hung in limbo. But in 2005, the Broadway Hollywood was resurrected as a residential high-rise, and today, one of its signs still glows.

Courtesy of Corey Miller

Earl Carroll Theatre (reproduction, 1993)

Hollywood’s Earl Carroll Theatre opened on Sunset Boulevard in December 1938. Promoted as “the most distinctive theater in the world,” the venue offered fine dining, nightly dancing, and opulent stage productions featuring “the most beautiful girls in the world.” To ensure that patrons knew what they were in for, Carroll invested in a number of neon signs by Electrical Products Corp., including a 20-foot portrait of his lady friend Beryl Wallace.

Wallace and Carroll died in 1948, victims in an airplane crash. Wallace’s neon likeness survived for 20 more years before itself falling victim to a building remodel. In 1993, in a tribute to what was once one of Hollywood’s most famous supper clubs, the Museum of Neon Art recreated the Beryl Wallace sign. The reproduction was designed by Richard Jenkins and Lili Lakich of MONA and fabricated by YESCO. Today, the sign is on display, with several other vintage neon signs, at Universal CityWalk.   

Courtesy of Mark Peacock