(Credit: Bob Al-Greene)
Who wants to make an urgent dash to a power outlet to rescue their laptop battery? That's no fun, especially if your family is working and learning from home these days in various corners of the house that may not have a convenient socket nearby. Luckily, modern laptops are much more efficient than their predecessors. Nowadays, even inexpensive desktop-replacement laptops and some gaming behemoths can last for more than eight hours on a single charge. Ultraportable laptops often endure for 14 hours or more.
Still, the inconvenient truth is that the battery in your PC or Mac laptop won't last as long as the manufacturer advertises unless you pay attention to some key factors: your power settings, how many apps you're running, even the temperature of the room in which you're working. The good news is that none of this requires much effort to sort out, once you know which settings to adjust. Let's take a look at the highest-yield, least-effort ways to get the most out of your laptop's battery.
1. If You're on a PC, Use the Windows Performance Management Tool
The first stop on our battery-life betterment tour is your laptop's performance management tool. In Windows 10, it's a slider accessed from the battery icon in the task bar. It aims to group all of the settings that affect battery life into a few easy-to-understand categories.
In Windows 11, you'll find it in Settings > System > Power & Battery > Power Mode.
The company that made your PC determines exactly which settings the battery slider controls. But in general, keep these guidelines in mind:
The Best Performance mode is for people willing to trade off battery runtime to gain speed and responsiveness. In this mode, Windows won't stop apps running in the background from consuming a lot of power.
The Better Performance (or Recommended) mode limits resources for background apps, but it otherwise prioritizes power over efficiency.
The Better Battery mode delivers longer battery life than the default settings on previous versions of Windows.
The Battery Saver mode, a slider choice that will appear only when your PC is unplugged, reduces the display brightness by 30%, prevents Windows Update downloads, stops the Mail app from syncing, and suspends most background apps.
2. If You're on a Mac, Use macOS Battery Settings
Recent Mac laptops have extensive battery and power settings that you can control. In macOS Monterey or later, open the System Preferences app and click on Battery.
Make sure that "Slightly dim the display while on battery power" is checked, and "Enable Power Nap while on battery power" is unchecked. (With Power Nap enabled and your MacBook asleep, the machine will wake up now and then to check for updates. Disabling it keeps your MacBook fully asleep until you choose to wake it up.) On recent MacBook Pro laptops, the display brightness adjusts to 75% when you unplug the computer from power if you have "Slightly dim the display while on battery power" enabled.
Depending on which laptop and which version of macOS you have, you may see additional options in the Energy Saver preferences pane. These include "Optimize video streaming while on battery" for disabling HDR video playback and "Optimized battery charging." Some Macs also have an Energy Mode setting, which is similar to the Windows performance management tool described above. If you see Energy Mode in the Battery section of system preferences, you've got the following options:
Low Power: Reduce energy usage to increase battery life.
Automatic: Have your Mac automatically use the best performance level.
High Power: Increase energy usage to improve performance during sustained workloads.
3. Simplify Your Workflow: Close Apps, and Use Airplane Mode
If you spend lots of time working off the plug, it's a good habit to adjust your laptop use in more battery-conserving ways, such as by sticking to one app at a time and closing everything else when you're not using it. It's a bit like turning off the lights when a room is vacant. If you're going back and forth between the kitchen and the pantry all the time, or between Firefox and Microsoft Word, by all means keep both sets of lights (and apps) on (and open). But if you're just cooking, or just watching a YouTube video, you'll be best served by turning off and closing everything else.
In addition to shutting down other programs while you single-task, consider enabling Airplane mode in Windows, or turning off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in macOS, if you know you'll be editing a document with no need for web access. In addition to reducing distractions, Airplane mode eliminates a significant source of battery drain: not only the wireless radios themselves, but also the background apps and processes that constantly use them, such as updaters and push notifications.
4. Close Specific Apps That Draw Lots of Power
Having multiple apps and processes running on your system at the same time will chew through battery life more quickly, and chances are you probably aren't actively using everything that's currently running on your PC. In Windows, the Settings app is the first step to find energy-hogging programs.
Type "See which apps are affecting your battery life" into the Windows 10 search bar for a list of apps that are consuming the most power. In Windows 11, you can access this list in the Power & Battery settings pane under Battery Usage. If you see an app that you rarely use hogging a lot of power, make sure you close it. Often, these are apps you've opened in the background and forgotten about, such as Spotify or Adobe Reader.
Next, type "See which processes start up automatically when you start Windows" into the search bar, or open the Task Manager app. In the Startup tab, you'll see every utility that runs as soon as you start your PC. Anything with a name like "Download Assistant" or "Helper" is usually safe to disable. For example, unless you frequently open Spotify playlists, tracks, or albums from links in a web browser, you can disable the Spotify Web Helper.
To perform similar app purges in macOS, search for Users & Groups, then click the Login Items tab, where you'll find a list of apps that are designated to run in the background when you start up your Mac.
5. Adjust Graphics and Display Settings to Conserve Power Usage
If you have a powerful graphics processor (a discrete GPU) in your laptop, you can ensure that only games or other graphics-intensive apps need to use it, while everything else can get by using the more efficient on-CPU silicon for graphics processing. In Windows 11, go to Settings > System > Display > Graphics, where you can adjust which graphics processor each app uses, or let Windows automatically decide which one is best. This option may not be available on all Windows 11 laptops with dedicated GPUs.
To perform a similar assignment on a Mac, open the same Battery preferences pane mentioned earlier and make sure the "Automatic graphics switching" option is checked, as in the screenshot below from macOS Big Sur. You don't have the same kind of fine-tuned control over each program like you do in Windows 11, so you'll have to trust macOS's judgment when it comes to which app should use which graphics accelerator.
6. Optimize the Airflow Into and Out of Your Laptop
Most laptops now come with lithium-polymer batteries that require much less maintenance than batteries of a decade ago, thanks as much to software and firmware improvements as innovation in the battery technology itself. You no longer have to perform a full battery discharge on a regular basis to calibrate it, nor do you have to worry that draining the battery completely will damage your laptop.
You do have to be careful about heat, however, which will hasten a battery's demise. The biggest problems come from physical obstruction of the ventilation ports and grilles. Dust buildup is one problem, which you can take care of by cleaning the laptop's vents and fan. (Periodically, use a can of compressed air to blow out some of the dust.) A more frequent issue that crops up, though, is using the laptop on a pillow or blanket, which can both obstruct the internal fan or fans and retain the heat coming off of the system. Avoid this by using your laptop only on firm surfaces such as a table or a desk, which won't flex and block airflow or cooling.
7. Monitor Your Battery's Health From Within the Operating System
All batteries lose charging capacity over time and will eventually need to be replaced. Taking stock of a battery's health now and then is always a good idea.
On an Apple MacBook laptop, to see if your battery is nearing the end of its lifespan, hold the Option key and click the battery icon in the menu bar to reveal the battery status. If you see a "Replace Now" or "Service Battery" message, your battery is likely functioning far below its original capacity.
You can find more detailed information on how many charging cycles your battery has endured by opening the System Information app and navigating to the Power tab. Check the cycle count value against the rated maximums in Apple's list to know how many more cycles you've got left.
For an equivalent battery-health indicator in Windows 10 or Windows 11, you'll need to roll up your sleeves and delve into the world of the command prompt. Here's our complete guide for how to generate a Windows battery report.
8. Review the Battery Management Settings
Some recent laptops can now automatically monitor the temperature history and charging patterns of the battery. Via software from the manufacturer, this information can be used to adjust "full" charging to remain below 100% of the battery's capacity if you don't regularly use it. (Reducing the number of charging cycles can help prolong the battery's life.)
It's a good idea to use this monitoring, but if you'd rather disable this management software to ensure you're always charging the battery to maximize capacity, many manufacturers let you do it. On an Intel-powered MacBook running macOS 10.5.5 or later, choose System Preferences from the Apple menu, then go to Battery > Battery Health. Deselect the "Manage battery longevity" option, then click OK. Macs with Apple Silicon have battery management permanently enabled.
On Windows laptops, meanwhile, instructions vary by manufacturer; here's Dell's how-to guide.
9. Let Your Laptop Make Conservation Suggestions
If your laptop is running Windows 11, you may have access to the new Energy Recommendations feature, which consolidates some of the advice above into a single scorecard. To access it, open the Settings app and go to System > Power & battery > Energy recommendations. Here, you'll see a list of energy hogs (mostly related to the screen) and whether or not you're sucessfully avoiding them.
If you've still got a ways to go in implementing the recommendations, you can address the settings tweaks required by clicking the Apply button next to each one.
10. Carry a Battery Backup
Finally, the easiest way to ensure that you always have enough battery power is to bring along an external battery pack.
These external power sources plug in to your laptop the same way your charger does. They generally cost between $100 and $200, but come with adapters for use with many different laptop models. They can be used on more than one system, and even for other devices, such as your phone or tablet.
These strategies will help you make the most of the battery you have. If you're in the market for a new laptop, however, and battery runtime is one of your key concerns, check out our roundup of the laptops we've tested with the best battery life.
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