Brexit will damage health

Real risks

Suppliers, civil servants, and ministers agree that a no deal Brexit would severely disrupt complex supply chains. No matter what the government is asking health professionals to tell their patients,56 the result would be dangerous shortages of medicines and devices.7 Contingency plans for stockpiling are in progress, but whether the proposed six week supply will be either feasible or sufficient is unclear. Especially vulnerable to shortages are biological medicines, analogue insulins, and substances of human origin such as plasma products, most of which are imported. These will require cold storage, which is itself in short supply and under increased demand from the food industry. Medical isotopes are almost all imported and cannot be stockpiled because of short half lives.8 Moving from ferry and lorry routes to airfreight would require expensive new infrastructure. And of course, at the heart of each of these scenarios are individual patients whose health would be put at risk.

As for the workforce, the vote to leave the EU has already exacerbated severe existing staff shortages. Nursing numbers are falling—the latest figures from the Nursing and Midwifery Council show that more EU nurses are now leaving than joining the UK register9; and doctors from Europe are being driven by the uncertainty to seek jobs outside the UK.1011 Recruiting staff to fill these gaps will be costly, and whatever system is put in place will almost certainly be more complex than the current model.

Preparations for the worst case no deal scenario are ramping up, with discussions intensifying between the Department of Health and Social Care and the pharmaceutical and device companies.12 But given the complex supply networks, each hospital trust is expected to make its own preparations, including assessing the risks and identifying vulnerabilities in their supply chains. This is a massive task for services that are already stretched, as it will require detailed scrutiny of almost all existing contracts by experts in international trade law.

If the prime minister can get her Chequers deal or something like it through parliament, will this be less damaging for health? It would keep the UK in the single market for medicines and devices and would retain reciprocal healthcare schemes at least until 2020.13 But it offers no solution for the predicted staffing or funding crises, and key aspects of the deal are still to be hammered out.14 The Faculty of Public Health has called on the government to ensure that hard won standards and protections for public health are maintained after Brexit,15 but the value of a verbal commitment by ministers is, in the current turmoil, questionable.

Need for informed consent

The referendum campaign was marred by misinformation—most infamously that Brexit would deliver an extra £350m a week for the NHS. It was also marked by a failure to highlight the important benefits of being part of Europe. These include public health gains, research collaboration, progress for rare diseases,7 healthcare reciprocity, cooperation for drug regulation, stronger pharmacovigilance, and faster access to new drugs and devices. More broadly, the EU continues to offer the potential for cultural exchange, sustained peace, internationalism, and economic prosperity. Politicians on both sides now acknowledge that, deal or no deal, Brexit will leave the UK worse off. Like a patient before an operation, the British people must now be allowed to make a fully informed decision in a second referendum.

This is a view supported by Conservative MP and chair of the Health and Social Care Select Committee, Sarah Wollaston. She and three fellow medically qualified MPs from all main parties have proposed an amendment to the forthcoming House of Commons vote. If passed, this would make withdrawal from the EU conditional on a second referendum, allowing the British people to properly weigh up the choice between the proposed deal and potentially a no deal or remaining in the EU.16 Whatever the outcome, the UK could then move forward knowing that the decision had been made on the basis of informed consent and the best available evidence. The BMA and the RCN are already campaigning for a people’s vote on the final deal and are seeking support from MPs. If the prime minister is unable to get her proposed deal through cabinet or parliament and we are heading for a no deal Brexit, the principle remains that this should be subject to informed consent through a people’s vote.

Whatever your views on Brexit, we ask you to consider adding your voice to this call for a people’s vote by telling your MP that you want an informed choice based on what you now know. You could also share this information with your colleagues and patients. Data from a recent YouGov poll shows that those who believe that Brexit will have a detrimental effect on the NHS are more likely to vote remain in a people’s vote.17 We believe the evidence of a detrimental effect on the nation’s health is clear. Please join our call for a people’s vote on the final Brexit deal.